Commissioned through the Tech Community of Expertise Helpdesk, this landscape assessment examines Nigeria’s digital health and AI ecosystem, drawing on policy and program documents and interviews with stakeholders across government, development partners and the private sector. The report identifies key barriers to adoption, promising applications of AI in health care and opportunities to strengthen the foundations for responsible, sustainable digital transformation. It also outlines priority areas where technical assistance and investment could support Nigeria’s ongoing health sector reforms.

This report has been prepared by Results for Development (R4D) for the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO). The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the FCDO or the UK Government.

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To address these challenges, Indonesia’s Health Development Policy Agency (BKPK) in the Ministry of Health is working with Results for Development and Gadjah Mada University to build and test a structured, two-way policy feedback mechanism. This brief shares key lessons from developing the mechanism and its first pilot phase of implementation with three provincial health offices, six district health offices, and local health policy and systems research institutions from those districts.

Early lessons suggest that policy feedback mechanisms require trust and relationship-building, clear roles, regular opportunities for joint reflection, and institutional arrangements that enable implementation evidence to influence policy decisions. Ultimately, Indonesia’s leaders hope to embed two-way feedback and learning as a routine governance practice that connects policy design with implementation and enables adaptation to local realities.

This work brings together learning from R4D’s Asia Health Policy and Systems Research Initiative and Advancing Realistic Health System Design and Planning project, both funded by the Gates Foundation.

A related blog examines the development and early implementation of this policy feedback mechanism in Indonesia. Read it here. 

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Ms. Moyo is an associate program director in the Market Shaping practice at Results for Development (R4D), where she provides strategic and technical leadership across R4D’s Tanzania market shaping portfolio. She manages the in-country team, guides the analytical and technical work underpinning R4D’s government-, donor- and partner-facing products, and represents R4D externally as the organization works to expand access to essential health and nutrition products.

Throughout her career, Ms. Moyo has contributed to initiatives that have strengthened health systems and improved access to quality, people-centered health services in Tanzania. At Ifakara Health Institute, she contributed to the Staha initiative in Tanga, which brought communities and health care workers together to address disrespect and abuse during childbirth. The intervention was associated with a 66% reduction in the odds of women experiencing disrespect and abuse. She also contributed to research published in the Bulletin of the World Health Organization that helped advance the research, policy and rights agenda around disrespect and abuse during childbirth and its effects on women’s confidence in health facilities and willingness to return for care.

Before joining R4D, Ms. Moyo was head of health and nutrition at Plan International Tanzania, where she led strategic funding identification, program design and integrated delivery across sexual and reproductive health, WASH, nutrition, maternal and child health, and noncommunicable diseases. She also represented the organization in national and international policy forums, including Tanzania’s family planning and RMNCAH+N technical working groups.

Previously, Ms. Moyo served as head of projects at Marie Stopes International, overseeing multi-donor programs focused on adolescent sexual and reproductive health, comprehensive post-abortion care and public systems strengthening. Through these programs, she helped strengthen systems to sustain and scale approaches with minimal program support and beyond the programs’ lifespans.

Ms. Moyo holds a master’s degree in health care leadership from Friends University in Wichita, Kansas, and a bachelor’s degree in political science and public administration from the University of Dar es Salaam. She speaks English and Swahili.

Publications

• Disrespectful and abusive treatment during facility delivery in Tanzania: a facility and community survey
• Community and health system intervention to reduce disrespect and abuse during childbirth in Tanga Region, Tanzania
• Hidden in plain sight: Validating theory on how health systems enable the persistence of women’s mistreatment in childbirth through a case in Tanzania
• The Staha Project: Promoting Respectful and Attentive Care in Tanzania — Presented by Wema Moyo

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Adaora has led and contributed to high-impact initiatives that strengthen health systems, accelerate digital innovation and expand access to quality health care across Africa. In her most recent leadership role, she designed and implemented digital health and AI-enabled programs that improved patient-centered care for people living with chronic and routine health conditions while leading multicountry capacity-building initiatives that have reached more than 16,000 health care workers, managers and policymakers. She has also spearheaded innovative models that combine digital technologies, human-centered support and sustainable financing to improve continuity of care, health literacy and equitable access to health care.

Previously, Adaora led the Nigeria Health Innovation Marketplace, bringing together government, development partners, investors and health innovators to accelerate scalable health solutions. She designed innovation acceleration and investment readiness programs that helped health ventures secure more than US$1 million in funding and expand services to more than 280,000 beneficiaries. She also curated innovations that formed part of Nigeria’s investment case for the Global Financing Facility. A Commonwealth Professional Fellow, she continues to advance the responsible adoption of AI and digital transformation in health systems through user-centered design, policy engagement and implementation support.

Adaora serves as a board adviser to Hillbridge Consulting. She holds a Master of Science in public health from the University of Bedfordshire in the United Kingdom and a Bachelor of Science in applied microbiology from Nnamdi Azikiwe University in Nigeria. She also holds PRINCE2 Foundation and Practitioner certifications, a Project Management in Global Health certification from the University of Washington, and was awarded a Commonwealth Professional Fellowship.

Publications

• Baldridge et al. Formative Evaluation and Adaptation of a Hypertension Extension for Community Health Outcomes Program for Healthcare Workers within the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. Global Heart Journal of the World Heart Federation (2023).
• Baldridge et al. Enhancing Hypertension Education of Community Health Extension Workers in Nigeria’s Federal Capital Territory: the impact of the extension for community healthcare outcomes model on primary care, a quasi-experimental study. BMC Primary Care (2024).
• Baldridge et al. Implementation of the Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes Model for Hypertension Education of Frontline Health Care Workers in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria: Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods Evaluation. JMIR Publications (2025).

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